Calcium carbonate has attracted much attention due to its wide range of industrial applications. It is also considered to be the main scaly component in industrial water. Controlling the crystallization process of calcium carbonate is one of the main goals of research in many fields. The presence of foreign inorganic ions changes the rate of precipitation of calcium carbonate and also affects the nature and morphology of the precipitated phase. Combining research progress in recent years, the effects of inorganic ions on the crystallization process of calcium carbonate were reviewed. The effects of common metal cations and anions on the polymorphism and morphology of calcium carbonate were introduced. The mechanism of action was also analyzed, which provided theoretical support for the industrial application of calcium carbonate.

An experimental device for high water⁃cut crude oil is designed and built, which mainly includes test pipeline, oil⁃water separation system, data acquisition system and circuit control system. The test section is designed of organic glass tube with a water bath, which observes flow morphology and initial deposition process. Considering the working conditions in the production site, oil⁃water mixing device is designed by drawing lesson of the principle of jet mixer. In order to ensure the effective separation of free water and crude oil during the experiment, an oil⁃water separator suitable for high water⁃cut crude oil is designed on the basis of free water separator. At the same time, a data acquisition system and circuit control system are designed, which can effectively solve the problems of data acquisition and parameter control. After Experimental verification, the experimental device can fulfill the research work of flow and deposition of high water⁃cut crude oil.

The review of the influencing factors of inorganic salt fouling behavior is mainly focused on the effects of flow rate, temperature and concentration on the mass of fouling deposition, induction period and thermal resistance. In this paper, the microscopic fouling behaviors such as morphology structure, attachment position and particle size are selected as research objects. The effect of material surface characteristics (roughness, contact angle and surface energy) on the microscopic fouling behaviors are reviewed, which can provide the basis for revealing the difference macroscopic fouling behavior of different materials surface from a microscopic point of view. At the same time, the current research status of fouling adhesion strength is summarized to provide theoretical support for the removal of fouling and the selection of reasonable antifouling materials.

The formation and stability mechanism of crude oil foam is the key to solve the problem of crude oil foaming. The basic properties of foam, features of crude oil foam are introduced in this paper and the research status of crude oil foam formation and stability mechanism is expounded. The experimental research methods of crude oil foam are summarized, and the influencing factors of crude oil foam formation and stability such as the composition of oil, temperature and gas properties are discussed according to experimental methods. Based on the current research, the future direction of research is proposed. The stability mechanism of crude oil foam and the influence of mechanical action on foam are still to be studied and there is no practical test method of crude oil foam at present.

 

Heavy oil and mineral water from 22023 oil wells in Jin 45 of Liaohe oilfield were used as experimental materials. Through the equivalent viscosity methods, emulsion with similar properities to gathering site was prepared. The influence of droplet morphology on rheology of heavy crude oil emulsion was researched. The results showed that the rheology met Bingham model when the concentration of disperse phase was low, rather, the rheology met Power law model. The smaller of the dispersed micro particles, the greater of the apparent viscosity, the more significant of the nonNewtonian fluid properties and the more obvious of the shear thinning characteristics were. 